Background: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is a common procedure, with monofocal and multifocal IOLs being the most widely used. Trifocal IOLs, designed to improve visual acuity at multiple distances, have gained popularity; however, their comparative effectiveness with monofocal IOLs remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the visual outcomes and optical quality of monofocal and trifocal IOLs in patients undergoing cataract surgery. Methods: This postoperative observational study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, between July 2009 and June 2010. A total of 50 patients, 25 receiving monofocal IOLs and 25 receiving trifocal IOLs, were included. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, optical quality metrics, and patient satisfaction, were performed at 1 and 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Results: Postoperative visual acuity was significantly better in the trifocal IOL group at the intermediate and near distances (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in the distance vision (p = 0.32). The trifocal IOL group showed lower optical quality and more aberrations (p < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was higher, with 87% of trifocal IOL patients achieving spectacle independence (P = 0.01). Conclusion: Trifocal IOLs offer superior intermediate and near vision, increased patient satisfaction, and greater spectacle independence, but with trade-offs in terms of optical quality. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is warranted.

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a chronic kidney disorder commonly diagnosed in children, marked by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) constitutes most pediatric cases, mainly minimal change disease (MCD). Children with NS are highly prone to infections due to immunosuppressive treatments, urinary immunoglobulin loss, and compromised immune function. Common infections include pneumonia, UTIs, peritonitis, and sepsis, with infection rates in Bangladesh and India ranging from 38% to 83%. Infections can trigger relapses, steroid resistance, and hospitalizations, complicating disease management and increasing mortality, especially in developing countries. Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters associated with infections in children with nephrotic syndrome and to identify the causative organisms. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics, Medical College for Woman and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between March 2011 to September 2011, to assess infection patterns in pediatric nephrotic syndrome patients. Sixty-five children aged 2-12 years, meeting ISKDC criteria, were purposively sampled, excluding those with renal failure or urogenital anomalies. Result: A total of 65 participants were included, with a mean age of 4.86±2.74 years. Most (64.62%) were aged 2-5 years, and 60% were female. Rural residents constituted 61.54%, and 64.62% belonged to the middle socio-economic class. Initial attacks accounted for 67.69% of admissions. Infections were absent in 55.38%; urinary tract infection was the most common (18.46%), followed by peritonitis (13.85%). Neutrophil levels were higher in infected children (82.76%). Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (34.48%). Laboratory parameters, including WBC, ESR, and cholesterol levels, showed no significant differences between infection and non-infection groups. Conclusion: Infections are a major complication in pediatric nephrotic syndrome, with urinary tract infections most common. Children aged 2-5 years were most affected, and elevated neutrophil levels correlated with infection. Escherichia coli was predominant, emphasizing targeted microbiological surveillance and proactive infection prevention to reduce morbidity and hospitalization rates.

Background: Border molding plays a crucial role in the success of complete dentures by ensuring well-adapted, stable borders that enhance retention and fit. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of border molding accuracy on the stability and retention of complete dentures, as well as its impact on patient satisfaction and denture movement. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of border molding accuracy on the stability and retention of complete dentures. Methods: This observational, comparative study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), and beau-dent, Dhaka, Bangladesh, involving 30 patients from January to December 2010. Patients underwent clinical examinations, border molding with custom trays and green stick compound, and final impressions using zinc oxide eugenol. Border molding was categorized as accurate or inaccurate. Stability parameters, including retention, patient satisfaction, and denture movement, were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Among 30 patients (mean age: 64.9 ± 11.7 years), 50.0% had accurate border molding. Stability outcomes were significantly better in this group, with higher retention (80.0% vs. 33.3%, p=0.010), greater satisfaction (86.7% vs. 46.7%, p=0.025), and less denture movement (80.0% vs. 33.3%, p=0.011). These results emphasize the importance of precise border molding for denture stability. Conclusion: Accurate border molding significantly enhances the stability, retention, and patient satisfaction of complete dentures.

Background: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a growing health concern globally, known for its multifactorial complications, including asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). This study investigates the prevalence of ABU, the associated comorbidities, and the microbiological profile of urinary infections in patients with Type 2 Diabetes compared to healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 participants were included in this study, consisting of 30 individuals diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, urine sugar levels, and the presence of ABU were assessed. Urine cultures were conducted to identify causative organisms, and comorbidities including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using p-values to determine significance. Results: The study found a significantly higher prevalence of ABU in the Type 2 Diabetes group (p=0.0001). E. coli was the most common causative organism. Additionally, Type 2 Diabetic participants had significantly higher rates of hypertension (p=0.0003), hyperlipidemia (p=0.0204), and obesity (p=0.0472) compared to controls. Fasting blood sugar levels were significantly elevated in the diabetic group (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Type 2 Diabetic patients exhibit higher rates of ABU and associated comorbidities, necessitating regular screening and management to prevent complications. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the health risks in diabetic individuals and highlight the importance of comprehensive care in managing these patients.

Introduction: The effectiveness and quality of care for patients is largely dependent on communication between physicians both in secondary care and in primary care. Written communication between secondary and primary care in the form of a discharge summary is vitally important for informing General Practitioners (GPs) and other healthcare professionals of the details regarding patients’ admission into hospital, as well as ensuring there is continuity of care in the community. Discharge summaries are often the only form of communication that occurs at the transition between secondary and primary care. Aims And Objectives: This study assessed the quality of discharge summaries completed by medical specialties at Newham University Hospital Trust using the EPR system. The aim was to identify any problems and where they are occurring. The information gained would help in addressing any problems identified, to improve the quality of discharge summaries. Methods: I had an in-depth discussion with my supervisor about the feasibility, methodology, data collection, patient confidentiality, ethics and relevance of this audit to the Hospital. Results: The examination of 100 medical records yielded 94 discharge summaries available for audit, leaving 6 medical records with no evidence of a discharge summary. Conclusion: It is clear from this study that there needs to be more robust processes put in place to ensure accurate recording of data on the information sent out to General Practitioners. Medical Practitioners completing the summaries should be encouraged to ensure that all fields on the discharge summary are adequately completed in order for us to reap the benefits.