Children are embodiment of our dreams and hopes for the future. Children are the most vulnerable group for getting upper respiratory tract infections. A recent study shows that URTI is one of the leading cause of mortality in young children.

URTI represents the most common acute illness evaluated in the out-patient setting. Upper evaluated in the out-

patient setting. Upper respiratory tract infection ranges from the common cold typically a mild, self-limiting, catarrhal syndrome of the nasopharynx to life threating illness such as epiglottis.

Sometimes can lead to more severe lower respiratory infections which are associated with much mortality rate for example SARS-COV-2 often infected the URTI before progressing to more severe and fatal diseases in LRTI. 1,2,3,4,5,6

Globally URIS accounted for 19600 deaths in 2021 with mortality rate of 0.2 per 1,00,000 a 64.2% decrease in mortality rate from 1990. When the mortality rate was 0.1 per 1,00,000 (1,2)

Globally the all-age disability adjusted life years for all ages rate of URI and otitis media combined in 2021 was 103 per 1,00,000 (1,2)

Hence the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme among mothers of under five children regarding upper respiratory tract infections in Ayaan Institute of Medical Science Hospital & Research Centre, Kankamidi Village, Moinabad Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State.

NEED FOR STUDY

Worldwide approximately one billion acute respiratory illnesses occur annually. The present study has been done as the most of the mothers under five children are unaware about management and prevention of URTI.

OBJECTIVES

Research approach used in this study is descriptive approach is the accurate portrayal of the characteristics of the person or group and the frequency with which certain phenomenon occurs.

Research design adopted in this study is non experimental research design.

The present study has been conducted in Ayaan Institute of Medical Science Hospital & Research Centre, Kankamidi Village, Moinabad Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State.

SAMPLE SELECTION:

Sampling process adopted in this study is nonrandom (convenience sampling).

In the present study the samples are mother of under five children. Sample size for the present study is 30.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Data, was collected from mothers of under five children, Ayaan Institute of Medical Science Hospital & Research Centre with the help of structured interview by using a questionnaire.

The data gathered were analyzed employee descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings of the study were majority of mothers of under five children had adequate knowledge and there is an association found between knowledge and demographic variable.

Data were collected from 30 mothers of under five children in Ayaan Institute of Medical Science Hospital & Research Centre by using structured interview schedule. The data thus obtained were analyzed and presented under the following headings.

ORGANISATION OF DATA.

1.            Section A - Distribution of demographic variables.

2.            Section B - Assessing the knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding respiratory tract diseases.

3.            Section C - Association of knowledge scores mothers of under five children with their demographic variables.

1-Section A : The mother of under five children who belongs to the age group of 18-22 years were 15(50%), 23-27 years age group were 13(43.3%) there was 1 (3.3%) mother under five children were age group of 28-32 years there only 1(3.3%) mothers with under five children were in the age group of 32 years.

The mother with children age below five who are from school education were 30 (100%) The highest no of 30(100%) of mothers with under five children were house wife. Majority of 16 (53.3) the mothers with under five children were belonged to joint family were as 14 (46.6%) of the mothers with under five children were belonged to nuclear family.

Majority of 18 (60%) the mothers with children aged below five had income above 4001 and below 2000 were 6 (20%) and same 6(20%) between 3001 to 4000. Majority of 19 (63%) the with children aged below five were Hindus and Muslims majority was 11 (36.6%) majority of mothers with under five children 30 (100%) were having the availability of health center.

The data is about 15 (50%) mothers with under five children had 1-2 children and were as 14 (46%) of mothers with under five children had 3-4children and (3.3%) of mothers with under five children had 5-6 children, and no mothers with under five children who were having more than 6 children.

2 - Section 13: The study shows that among 30 mothers of under five children 27 (90%) of mothers had moderate knowledge and 3(10%) 01 mothers had inadequate knowledge pre-test and majority 27 (90%) of the mothers had adequate knowledge post -test.

3- Section C : Chi - square values were calculated to find out the association of the knowledge of mothers with children aged below five with their age (X = 158.76), religion (X =216.18), type of family (X =51.85), education status (X = -4) , occupation of mother (X =-8), family monthly  income  (X  =  9.66),  number  of  children  (X =106.84), health resources (X = -4 ). Pre-test & Post-test results - Among 30 mothers of under five children majority 27(90%) of the mothers had moderate knowledge and 3 (10%) of mothers had inadequate knowledge pre-test and majority 27 (90%) of the mothers had adequate knowledge and 3 (10%) of mothers had moderate knowledge post-test

In 2021 there were 12.8 billion episodes of URI globally for all ages across males and females. The highest incidence rate of URIS was seen in children aged 12-23 months (328644.6 per 1,00,000) followed by those aged 6-11 months (313772.9 per 1,00,000) and 1-3 months. The largest count of URI episodes was seen in children aged 5- 7 years (1.50 billion, (1.02-2.06) ) followed by those aged 2-4 years (1.18 billion (0.857-1.54) and 10-14 years (1.14

billion (0.793-1.57) ) (1,2).

Among people aged 15 years and older, the age group with largest incidence rate per 1,00,000 in 2021 was age 15-19 years [(160574.2 (111176. 9-216450.9)] followed by 20-24 [157525.4  (112631.9  –  214581.1)]  and  25-29  years [(152689.1 (110765.7 – 207683.1)] (1,2)

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

•              To assess the knowledge scores regarding URTI among mothers of under five children.

•              To find the association between knowledge scores regarding URTI among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables.

•              To find out the association between pretest and post test results regarding URTI among mothers of under five children with their selected demographic variables.

FIRST OBJECTIVE IS TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE SCORES REGARDING UPPER RESPIRATORT TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN:

The mother of under five children who belongs to the age group of 18-22 years were 15 (50%), 23-27 years age group were 13 (43.3%) there was 1 (3.3%) mother under five children were age group of 28-32 years there only 1 (3.3%) mothers with under five children were in the age group of 32 years.

The mother with children age below five who are from school education were 30 (100%)

The highest no of 30 (100%) of mothers with under five children were house wife.

Majority of 16 (533) the mothers with under five children were belonged to joint family were as 14 (46.6%) of the mothers with under five children were belonged to nuclear family.

Majority of 18 (60%) the mothers with children aged below five had income above 4001 and below 2000 were 6 (20%) and same 6(20%) between 3001 to 4000.

Majority of 19 (63%) the with children aged below five were Hindus and Muslims majority was 11 (36.6%) majority of mothers with under five children 30 (100%) were having the availability of health center.

The data is about 15 (50%) mothers with under five children had 1-2 children and were as 14 (46%) of mothers with under five children had 3-4 children and (3.3%) of mothers with under five children had 5-6 children, and no mothers with under five children who were having more than 6 children.

SECOND OBJECTIVE IS TO FIND OUT THE

ASSOCIATION   BETWEE             KNOWLEDG SCORES REGARDING         UPPER               RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CUIILDREN WITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.

Chi - square values were calculated to find out the association of the knowledge of mothers with children aged below five with their age (X = 158.76), religion (X =216.18), type of family (X =51.85), education status (X = -4), occupation of mother (X = -8), family monthly income (X = 9.66), number of children (X =106.84), health resources (X

= -4 ).

THE THIRD OBJECTIVE IS TO FIND OUT THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRETEST AND POST TEST RESULTS REGARDING UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN WITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPIIIC VARIABLES.

Among 30 mothers of under five children majority 27(90%) of the mothers had moderate knowledge and 3 (10 %) of mothers had inadequate knowledge pre-test and majority 27 (90%) of the mothers had adequate knowledge and 3 (10%) of mothers had moderate knowledge post-test.

Infant age 1-5 months had highest combined disability adjusted life years rate in 2021 (64 7 per 1,00,000 (189 to 1412) followed by early neonates (aged 0-6 days 582 per 1,00,000 (176 to 1297) and late neonate (aged 7-24, 482 per 1,00,000) 161 to 1052 (1,2).

The above systematic analysis was taken from the articles global burden of disease study 2021 and Global regional and national burden of URIT and otitis media, 1990-2021 a systematic analysis from Global Burden of Diseases study 2021. 1,2

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