All human beings occupying this globe belong to the same species that is Homo sapiens. No two individual is exactly alike in their measurable traits, even the genetically identical twins differ in some respects. These traits tends to undergo certain changes under the influence of ecological, geographical, biological, racial, Gender and age factor in verifying degree from to birth to birth, in health and in disease.

Human face is distinct creation in personal identification & is a reflection of uniqueness of every individual. This makes it desirable to have some means of giving quantitative expression of variation that such traits exhibit. Although there is several methods are the metric (anthropometry) and morphological (arthroscopy) assessment of characteristic of living and skeletal remains. The origin of these methods goes back to eighteenth century. When there was a great deal of interest in human diversity especially of those who had just been discovered by the colonizing European Nation.[1].

Anthropometry is scientific specialization which images from the discipline of forensic Anthropology dealing with the identification of human remains with the help of metric technique. It is derived from Greek word "Anthro"- which means man and "pometry"-means measurement

Posopic (facial) index: anthropometric characteristic have direct relationship with sex, shape and form of an individual and these factor are intimately linked with each other and are manifestation of external structure and tissue component which in turn, are influenced by environmental and genetic factor [2].

Measurement of facial index is important for studies of human growth, population variance, aesthetic surgery, forensic science, plastic surgery and dentistry. The importance of seeing the face "in proportions” has been emphasize by many surgeons. All medical specialists interested improving facial appearance need to measure the face to quantify the Desire facial changes. Anthropometric measurements especially facial measurements are important for determining various face shape. Climatic adaptation of nutritional factors is found to be detrimental to body shape and size [3].      

Equipment used for study:

• Digital caliper
• Spreading caliper
• Skin pencil

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age of individual from 18 to 25 year.( male and female both)
• The participant who volunteered for the study will be healthy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any obvious craniofacial abnormalities either congenital or acquired.
• Individual having history of plastic or reconstructive surgery of the face.

Measurement-

• The subject will ask to sit on a chair in a relaxed position keeping the mouth closed and teeth in central occluded position and head in anatomical position.
• Mark facial landmarks as mention bellow with the help of skin pencil.

Facial index is the facial height (maximum vertical diameter) measured from nasion  (The point on the root of the nose where the mid - saggital  plane cuts the naso - frontal sutures ) to menton (The lowest point on the mandible where the lower margin of the lower jaw is interested by the mid - saggital plane) with the help of sliding caliper and the facial width (maximum Transverse diameter) measured between the zygion (it’s the most laterally placed point on the zygomatic arch) of each side with the help spreading  caliper.

Facial index was calculated by using the following formula

Facial Index = Facial Height / Facial Width X 100

Hooten’s method use for assessing the facial index.[4]

Table1: - Types of faces based on this index, the types of face shape were categorized according to Banister’s classification [5].

Table 02:- Facial Index (cm)

Table 03: Facial Width (cm)

Figure 01: Facial Width of Male and Female

Table 04: - Facial Height (cm)

Figure 02: Facial Height of Male and Female

Table 05: Distribution of Facial Index in Male and Female

1. Table 02 shows that relation of facial index with male and female in total 500 subjects  of which of 250 was male and 250 was female. In Table shows in which most value of facial index of male and female are exist in between 85 to 96.
2. In Table: 04 and Figure: 02 shows that the of facial height between 8-8.9 having zero male and 13 female while in 13-13.99 having 15 male and 2 female which is opposite to each other. Facial height between 10-11.99 having maximum number of male and female subjects
3. In Table: 03 and Figure: 01 shows that the of facial width between 9-9.99 having zero male and 1 female while in 14-14.99 having 39 male and 30 female which have very close to each other. facial width between 12-13.99 having maximum number of male and female subjects
4. In Table:05 and shows that the of Distribution of facial index between 85 - 89.9 having 63 male by which we can observe that the dominant type of face are Mesoprosopic face within male, and facial index < 79.9 having 64 female by which we can observe that the dominant type of face are Hypereuriprosopic face within females.

The present study provides valuable data pertaining to facial index and shape of face in adult MP Population. From the facial form it is possible to make an absolute distinction between two groups.

In the present study effort has been made to find the craniofacial characteristics and sexual difference in facial index of Madhya Pradesh population. Total of 500 subject have been examined 250 males and 250 females talking morphological facial height, width, facial index as parameter, ranging from age group 18-25 year.

Table:-06 Comparison of Facial Height  of male & female with previous studies

Table 07 :- Comparison of Facial width of male & female with previous studies

Table 08:- Comparison of Facial index of male & female with previous studies

Table 09 Comparison of Facial Index of Total Population with previous studies

• In the present study the mean facial index of total population (mean value of male and female) was 86.64. The same parameter also found by Mahesh Kumar in Haryana region. The less frequent mean facial index of female was 76.64 which have done by Ashok K. Pandey in Andman region whereas, the mean facial index was more than present study in Gujrat region and Andhra Pradesh region study done by Sapna Shah and Vishal Manoharrao salve.
• In the present study the mean facial width of male & female with previous studies was 12.77 In male & 12.59 in female which was similar to study done by vishal manoharrao in Andhra Pradesh region and sapna shah in Gujrat region. The most less frequent mean facial width of male was 12.09 which have done by Sapna Shah in Gujrat region where as in Haryana region study done by Mahesh Kumar mean facial width was more than present study.

Summary and conclusion –

The present study entitled Anthropometric Study of the facial index inIndore region was carried out with an aim to perform morphometric measurements & to determine facial index in population of Indore region. 

1. MeanFacial index in our study is 86.64±8.30
2. Mean Facial height in our study is 10.94 ±1.09
3. Mean Facial width in our study is 12.68± 1.13

In our study we observed that the facial index in males and females were hyperuriprsopic in     114, euriprosopic in 90 were found, mesoprosopic in 103 were found.

The differences in our study is due to various geographical and racial and ethnic factors.

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2. Leonardo da vinci and Durer quoted by Khandekar B. SrinivasanS.,mMokal N., Thatte M.R. , Anthropometric analysis of lip-nose comple in Indian population.
3. al. comparison of indian and Turkish cephalo-facial measurements : Data for facial reconstruction applications, J Ind Pac acad Fore SciOdont. 2011; 2(1) : 1-6.
4. Hooten cited by Kraus Bertram S. The western apache some anthropometric observation. 1961; 19(3) : 227-236.
5. Banister M, Williams P., Davson M., Dussak J.E. Gray’s Anatomy. 38th ed. London : Churchill Living stone; 1995. pp 607-612.
6. Vishal manoharrao salve et. al., A study of facial (Proscopic) index of Andhra region students. NovalSciint J Med sci. 2010; 1(8) : 248-52.
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